During the Rubber Boom and the slavery period many ethnic groups were decimated by the industrialists that were in search of enslaved manual labor. Others, saved towards the interior of the forest, leaving the course of the main rivers that were used by the rubber workers. 

In Buenos Aires on Argentina's side inquires were made on 26 of January 2001 regarding the case of re-appearance of an ethnic group named Naua that was disappeared since 1920 in the rubber State of the Acre in Brazil near the borders with Bolivia. 250 members of this ethnic group was hidden inside an area which today is the Parque Nacional Serra do Divisor until they came into contact with the personnel of FUNAI (National Foundation of Indians) who crossed the zone eighty years after its supposed extinction. The above example confirms the hypothesis of the Toromonas supposed existence in the territory. 

Ethnic groups in the Madidi National Park

Alvaro Diez Astete, author of the ethnic map of Bolivia and other numerous publications in relation with this subject, ex-Director of Investigations of the Museum of Ethnography and Folklore (MUSEF) in Bolivia believes that there is probably an existence of a tribe of Indians in the region to the east of the River Heath, River Madidi and the valley of the Colorado River.

The last of the Toromonas, the tribe that still is considered an 

ethnographic enigma of Bolivia

Alvaro Diez Astete considers the testimony gathered by him from the members of the ethnic group Araona decisive when he developed among them a field investigation. Located in Alto Manupare, a region which is only possible to be accessed by air and by members of the same linguistic family (Tacana) of mysterious Toromonas, Araona showed to Alvaro Diez Astete their security on the existence of a tribe to the south of their present location, a TCO (Communitarian Territory of Origin) - defined by the Bolivian laws and that appeared in the maps as Araona Port. 

Between Araona Port and the region included in the east of the Heath River, Madidi River and the valley of the Colorado River, is only possible to find a footpath of penetration of carpenters who have reported sporadic confrontations with inhabitants of the zone and a control camp of the Mididi National Park in the denominated site of Alto Madidi, which is an old concentration camp of opposition to the military dictatorship of Bolivia.

The Toromonas or Torococies were allied of the Incas when these fled towards the forest after the invasion and the military defeat from the Spaniards. Headed by the legendary Tarano Cacique and seated along the Madre de Dios River and its confluence with Beni, they were effective to face and/or to confuse to numerous Spanish expeditions that penetrated the forests after the treasures. Most famous and tragic like the one of Juan Alvarez Maldonado in 1568.

And here comes the question which rises so far; 

Is the hypothetical tribe who lives within the Madidi National Park the historical descendents of these Toromonas?